Which of the following is considered unethical regarding the sharing of confidential information?

Sharing information unless permitted by law is deemed unethical because confidentiality is a fundamental principle in education and psychology practices. Protecting the privacy of students and their families is crucial to fostering a safe environment where individuals feel secure in sharing personal information. Confidential information should only be disclosed when there is explicit permission from the individual, or when there is a legal obligation to do so, such as reporting suspected abuse or a threat to safety.

In the context of the question, the other options do not necessarily violate ethical principles regarding confidentiality. Utilizing information for academic counseling, discussing student attendance, and providing information to parents can be appropriate when permissions and protocols are followed, and when such actions serve the best interest of the student while maintaining professionalism. The focus on legal permissions emphasizes the need for caution and respect for privacy in handling sensitive information.