According to the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA), students cannot be required to complete surveys revealing which of the following without parent notice and an opt-out option?

The correct answer relates to the specific protections established under the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA). This federal law requires that schools obtain parental consent and provide an opt-out option for students before they are required to complete any surveys that reveal information about certain sensitive areas, including religious practices.

Religious practices are considered highly personal and often sensitive, which is why the law emphasizes the need for parent notification and the opportunity for parents to opt their children out of participating in any survey that explores these topics. This is aimed at safeguarding students' privacy and parental rights regarding their children's exposure to potentially sensitive issues.

In contrast, while other categories like medical history or extracurricular activities can also involve personal data, they are not explicitly covered under the same stringent requirements set by the PPRA for the purpose of obtaining student survey responses. Academic performance, while significant, is generally considered part of school records and does not fall under the same protections as religious beliefs. Therefore, the emphasis on religious practices underscores the broader concerns about privacy and parental rights in educational settings.