According to NASP's code of ethics, which scenario is considered permissible without informed parental consent?

The scenario involving consultation to a teacher that results in typical classroom interventions is considered permissible without informed parental consent because it falls within the scope of the school system's operational and educational practices. When school psychologists provide strategies or interventions aimed at improving classroom dynamics or enhancing student learning, they are engaging in a collaborative effort that is intended to benefit the student’s educational experience. This type of consultation is generally viewed as part of the professional responsibilities of school psychologists and does not require parental consent because it is aimed at universally applicable strategies within the educational environment.

In contrast, the other scenarios typically require informed parental consent due to the sensitive nature of the services provided. Offering assessment services directly to the parent involves individual student assessments that necessitate parental approval to ensure that parents are informed and involved. Providing therapy to a student without parental knowledge raises ethical concerns about confidentiality and the student's welfare, and conducting research with student data requires consent to protect the rights and privacy of the students involved. Therefore, the option describing consultation leading to typical classroom interventions aligns with ethical practices while ensuring collaboration in an educational context without the need for parental consent.